Martin Kramer [email protected]. SA.860.717.01. Syllabus 1.0. BOUNDARY, n. In political geography, an imaginary line between two nations, separating the imaginary rights of one from the imaginary rights of the other (Ambrose Bierce, 1911). This is an experimental course, exploring the Middle East through the study and reading of maps. Contains topographic and thematic maps of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). For each of the five regions (Middle East 1, Middle East 2, Arabian Peninsula, North Africa 1, North Africa 2) maps of topography, ethnic and linguistic groups, religious and sectarian groups as well as oil and gas fields are shown.Pro-Palestinian protests continue on college campuses 02:46. New York — Tension gripped college campuses across the United States Tuesday morning as …Maps > REGIONAL > Middle East. The Middle East in 1939. Philippe Rekacewicz, August 1992 On the eve of the Second World War, most of the Middle East was still administered by the mandatory or protecting colonial powers of Britain, France and Italy. Turkey and Iran were independent.Maps can be a powerful tool for understanding the world, particularly the Middle East, a place in many ways shaped by changing political borders and demographics. Here are 40 maps crucial for understanding the Middle East — its history, its present, and some of the most important stories in the regi Type. Wind. Pressure. UTC. mph. mb. Weather forecasts and LIVE satellite images of the Middle East. View rain radar and maps of forecast precipitation, wind speed, temperature and more. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA), also referred to as West Asia and North Africa (WANA) or South West Asia and North Africa (SWANA), is a geographic region. While still referring to most of the Middle East (or West Asia without East Thrace or the Sinai peninsula) and North Africa together, it is widely considered to be a more defined and …Media in category "Blank maps of the Middle East". The following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. A student's study-guide in ancient history; a combination of outlines, map work and questions to aid in visualizing, understanding and remembering the important facts of ancient history and in (14595197288).jpg 3,360 × 2,368; 371 KB.“The Silk Road” is a catch-all term for the many overland and maritime routes linking East Asia with Europe and the Middle East. Cities and towns along busy Silk Road routes thrived, and during the 12th century, Merv (in present day Turkmenistan) was actually the largest city in the world until it was decimated in 1221 by the Mongol Empire.Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps.Name the countries of the Eastern Slope. Name the countries of the Central Plain. Name the countries of the Mediterranean. Draw a map of the Old Testament World and locate the seas, mountains, rivers, countries and cities. REVIEW. Red Sea to Caspian, Nile to Persian Gulf. 1,000 x 1,400. 1,100,000. 1.Mar 21, 2024 · Contains topographic and thematic maps of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). For each of the five regions (Middle East 1, Middle East 2, Arabian Peninsula, North Africa 1, North Africa 2) maps of topography, ethnic and linguistic groups, religious and sectarian groups as well as oil and gas fields are shown. Martin Kramer [email protected]. SA.860.717.01. Syllabus 1.0. BOUNDARY, n. In political geography, an imaginary line between two nations, separating the imaginary rights of one from the imaginary rights of the other (Ambrose Bierce, 1911). This is an experimental course, exploring the Middle East through the study and reading of maps. Jun 14, 2017 · Maps can be a powerful tool for understanding the world, particularly the Middle East, a place in many ways shaped by changing political borders and demographics. Here are 40 maps crucial for understanding the Middle East — its history, its present, and some of the most important stories in the region today. Mar 21, 2024 · Contains topographic and thematic maps of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). For each of the five regions (Middle East 1, Middle East 2, Arabian Peninsula, North Africa 1, North Africa 2) maps of topography, ethnic and linguistic groups, religious and sectarian groups as well as oil and gas fields are shown. For old maps showing the history of the Middle East (that is, maps made over 70 years ago), please see category Old maps of the Middle East. This is a main category requiring frequent diffusion and maybe maintenance. As many pictures and media files as possible should be moved into appropriate subcategories. Middle Easterner Flag; Middle East Facts; Middle East; Middle East Geography; Middle East Maps. Capital Cities Map; Capital Cities Map (with country names) Greater Middle East Map; Landforms Map; Outline Map; Rivers map; Regional Maps. Afghanistan Regional Map; Dardanelles Strait Map; Indian Subcontinent Map; Indochina Map; Near East Map ... Map of Middle East political high detail. Print. $ 24.95. JPEG XL and non-layered PDF. Print & Edit. $ 49.95. layered AI/EPS/PDF and JPEG XL. Add to cart. Our premium maps come with an unlimited license, even for commercial use.The Middle East is a region with around 25 countries, including nations like Iran, Iraq, and Israel. Each country has its own capital city, such as Tehran in Iran, Baghdad in Iraq, and Jerusalem in Israel, serving as important centers for governance and culture in the region. S. No. Country. Capital.britain 's short-lived middle east empire was a product of economic interests and strategic imperatives. British involvement in the region long antedated World War I, but Britain 's "moment" in the Middle East, as it has been called — the period in which it was the dominant power in much of the area — lasted from 1914 to 1956.The Maghreb or Maghrib is a region of North Africa, the term refers to the five North African nations of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Mauritania, and Libya. Egypt is by some definitions part of the Middle East, geographically it is a transcontinental country, the bigger part of the country stretches along the Nile in North Africa while the Sinai ...The Fertile Cresent (9000-4500 BCE) The Hellenistic World (90 BCE) The Hellenistic World (240 BCE) Hurrian Kingdoms and Peoples. Israel and Judah to 733 BCE. Israel - The Twelve Tribes. Jerusalem (20 BCE - 70 CE) Jewish Communities in the Land of Israel (7th to 11th Centuries) Kingdom of David and Solomon.Morocco is a country in the Maghreb Region of North Africa where it covers an area of 710,850 sq. km. Morocco's coast comes into contact with both the Atlantic Ocean on the west and the Mediterranean Sea on the north. Morocco shares three land borders. One with Algeria and a second with the disputed territory of Western …14990 Middle East, Sebastian Munster, 1598. Price: 280.00. SYRIA / CYPERN / PALESTINA / MESOPOTAMIA / BABYLONIA. An early woodcut map of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. It shows the area from northern Syria to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. With Cyprus and the Holy Land. The title appears above the map. 2021 Middle East Map Poster - Map of the Middle East Region - Countries of Middle East Wall Art Poster. 4.9. (315) ·. HistoricPrintsDotCom. $37.99. $39.99 (5% off) Free shipping. EGYPT c. 1890 Antique Map, Red Sea, Middle East, Cassells. According to the map, Saudi Arabia is the largest oil-producing country in the Middle East — followed by Iraq, Iran, UAE, and Kuwait. The Middle East homes five out of the top ten world’s largest oil-producing countries. The Middle East region produces 27.2 million barrels per day of oil — 31.3% of global oil production.For centuries, the Middle East has served as the crossroads of empires, given its geostrategic location between Europe and Asia. In the twentieth century, the discovery of oil there fueled modern-day rivalries between foreign powers looking to exploit the resource. World War I established British and French dominance in the region, while the Cold War …Interactive travel map of The Middle East. The Middle East is a political and cultural subregion of Asia. The core of the region comprises the lands between the …Yes, you can add countries to or remove countries from the continent. An HTML5, JavaScript-powered, interactive the Middle East map. This mobile-compatible, responsive map includes clickable countries, region zooming, location markers and more. Easy to customize and install. The Maghreb or Maghrib is a region of North Africa, the term refers to the five North African nations of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Mauritania, and Libya. Egypt is by some definitions part of the Middle East, geographically it is a transcontinental country, the bigger part of the country stretches along the Nile in North Africa while the Sinai ... Bible Maps. These images are in the public domain (i.e. not copyrighted; FREE to copy and use). To Download Bible Atlas 2 here. (For a larger image, left click on enlarge). ... The Middle East Today Enlarge: More Maps at Smith Bible Atlas here or Bible Times - …Drag, rotate and size each country onto the map. Play! Some of the words English has borrowed include alcohol, alkali, admiral, and alchemy. Unique online map games for the Middle East - hear the names of Middle Eastern countries and capitals pronounced. Plus Middle East maps and information about capitals, geography, history, culture, and more.Explore the Middle East with a detailed map that depicts its countries, capitals, cities, and cultural highlights. Learn about the region's history, geography, and diversity from …Cyprus is a Eurasian island country, located in the extreme north eastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea. Cyprus is the 3 rd largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Cyprus belongs geographically to Western Asia (Middle East) and politically to Europe. Cyprus is positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the earth.Relief shown by spot heights. Depths shown by gradient tints. "Suitable for reference purposes only." "Ellipsoid & datum: WGS 84." "NIMA ref. no. K201MIDDLEEAST." Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.Jan 20, 2024 · 1. Yemen launched rockets toward Israel. 2. U.S. and U.K. forces respond to Houthi attacks in Red Sea. 3. Iran fired missiles into Iraq and Syria and supported local militia attacks on U.S. bases ... Type. Wind. Pressure. UTC. mph. mb. Weather forecasts and LIVE satellite images of the Middle East. View rain radar and maps of forecast precipitation, wind speed, temperature and more. This map was created by a user. Learn how to create your own. Experts from the U.S. Institute of Peace (USIP) are closely following developments throughout the Middle …Yes, you can add countries to or remove countries from the continent. An HTML5, JavaScript-powered, interactive the Middle East map. This mobile-compatible, responsive map includes clickable countries, region zooming, location markers and more. Easy to customize and install.Dog, Cat, Rabbit, or Horse? Can you name the Middle Eastern Countries? Test your knowledge on this geography quiz and compare your score to others. Quiz by seashellsoph.The Middle East See all topics CNN — As fighting has resumed across Gaza and Israel, CNN is continuing to visualize the war through maps, charts and more. Step 2. Add a title for the map's legend and choose a label for each color group. Change the color for all countries in a group by clicking on it. Drag the legend on the map to set its position or resize it. Use legend options to change its color, font, and more. Sea People of the Late Bronze Age. Map of the Near East shows major cities all located along waterways, from Troy in the north to Nile Delta cities and Memphis in the south. Also shows movements of …Dec 9, 2015 · With its convoluted history and ever-shifting borders, the Middle East isn’t an area that can be easily understood through words alone. Vox’s Max Fisher recognized this and compiled a treasure ... Contains topographic and thematic maps of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). For each of the five regions (Middle East 1, Middle East 2, Arabian Peninsula, North Africa 1, North Africa 2) maps of topography, ethnic and linguistic groups, religious and sectarian groups as well as oil and gas fields are shown.Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps.Map of the Middle East. Middle East includes 18 countries. These are Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, …Europe Map. Europe is the planet's 6th largest continent AND includes 47 countries and assorted dependencies, islands and territories. Europe's recognized surface area covers about 9,938,000 sq km (3,837,083 sq mi) or 2% of the Earth's surface, and about 6.8% of its land area. In exacting geographic definitions, Europe is really not a continent ...Persian (Achaemenid) Empire. Ancient Near East Empires. Map of Alexander the Great's Empire. Parthian Empire Map. Map of Roman Empire at Its Peak! Roman Provinces in New Testament. Roman Empire under Constantine. Byzantine Empire in 1025 A.D. Animated Map of Rome's Rise and Fall.Explore the Middle East with a detailed map that depicts its countries, capitals, cities, and cultural highlights. Learn about the region's history, geography, and diversity from … Detailed Middle East map in editable format (Illustrator, svg) Deatiled Middle East map also available in different editable formats. Containing countries, cities, rivers, lakes of the Middle East region all of these in an easily editable, layered, vector file format. Download for Illustrator, svg or pdf formats. Middle East Maps (Michael Izady) The Gulf Explained in 40 Maps (bqdoha.com) MAPS. Muslim Expansion in the Time of Muhammad (R. Roolvink et al., Historical Atlas of the Muslim Peoples, 1957) The Spread of Islam to 624 AD. The Spread of Islam, 630-1700. Caliphate, c. 632-750 AD. The Spread off Islam to 733 AD.Map of the Middle East. This printable will give you a blackline map of the Middle East. Get a free printable map of the Middle East today! Our comprehensive collection of maps is perfect for students, teachers, and anyone curious about the region. Download now.Physical map of Israel showing major cities, terrain, national parks, rivers, and surrounding countries with international borders and outline maps. Key facts about Israel. ... Israel is a Middle East country, situated in Western Asia. It is located in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Israel is bordered by Lebanon in the … The Middle East is a political and cultural subregion of Asia. The core of the region comprises the lands between the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf along with the Anatolian, Arabian and Sinai peninsulas. Sometimes, it is used in a broader sense which can include areas stretching from North Africa in the west to Pakistan in the east and ... Type. Wind. Pressure. UTC. mph. mb. Weather forecasts and LIVE satellite images of the Middle East. View rain radar and maps of forecast precipitation, wind speed, temperature and more. Maps Middle East Add-On V2.67 [1.48.5] Search for: Search Select a game Sims 4 Euro Truck Simulator 2 American Truck Simulator BeamNG.drive Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020 Grand Theft Auto V Farming Simulator 22 Assetto Corsa Red Dead Redemption 2 Fallout 76 SnowRunner Farming Simulator 19 World of Tanks MudRunner …Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps.A middle east resource site and wall map, including information on religion, economics, oil, water, maps, 25 country profiles and more. ... 1916 Sykes Picot Middle East Partition - Zones of influence and control and dates of independence for Middle Eastern countries. Martin Kramer [email protected]. SA.860.717.01. Syllabus 1.0. BOUNDARY, n. In political geography, an imaginary line between two nations, separating the imaginary rights of one from the imaginary rights of the other (Ambrose Bierce, 1911). This is an experimental course, exploring the Middle East through the study and reading of maps. Contains topographic and thematic maps of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). For each of the five regions (Middle East 1, Middle East 2, Arabian Peninsula, North Africa 1, North Africa 2) maps of topography, ethnic and linguistic groups, religious and sectarian groups as well as oil and gas fields are shown.The map can be downloaded, printed, and used for coloring or educational purpose. The above map is of Lebanon, a sovereign country in the Middle East. As can be observed on the map, Lebanon is roughly rectangular in shape. It tapers towards the extreme north and south. It has an average width of 56 km (35 mi).Syria and Iraq in the Western imagination: a vision of the Middle East between the place names of Ptolemaic maps and modern cartography. The maps testify the process of the progressive separation between the West and the Middle East, as the analysis of some cartographic representations of the sixteenth and seventeenth … Middle East. The Middle East is a transcontinental region that includes Western Asia (Bahrain, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, Yemen), Egypt (mostly located in north Africa) and Turkey (partly in Southeast Europe). Map of the Middle East Item 1 of 5 Israel's Ambassador to the United Nations Gilad Erdan speaks to members of Security Council during a meeting to address the situation in the Middle …What is happening in Middle East in 1000BCE Invaders. Over the past 500 years, great changes have wracked the Middle East.The old powers of the region – Egypt, the Hittites, Assyria and Babylon – have all been devastated by invaders from outside their borders: the “Sea Peoples” from Europe, the Aramaeans from the Syrian desert and the Kuldu …Pakistan's location on a map. Pakistan is a country in South Asia and not in the Middle East. It is the 6th most populous country in the world with a population of over 210 million people. By area, Pakistan is the 33rd largest country, covering over 340,000 square miles. The country has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman.The maps can be included in publications as a reference to facilitate the understanding of the role the United Nations plays following specific mandates or resolutions. ... Middle East. South Asia ...Physical map of Israel showing major cities, terrain, national parks, rivers, and surrounding countries with international borders and outline maps. Key facts about Israel. ... Israel is a Middle East country, situated in Western Asia. It is located in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Israel is bordered by Lebanon in the …Relief shown by spot heights. Depths shown by gradient tints. "Suitable for reference purposes only." "Ellipsoid & datum: WGS 84." "NIMA ref. no. K201MIDDLEEAST." Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.Russia, the world's largest country by area, stretches from Northern Asia to Eastern Europe. The Arctic Ocean borders Russia to the north and the Pacific to the east. The country also has a short coastline on the Baltic Sea in the northwest. The exclave of Russia, Kaliningrad also borders the Baltic Sea as well as Lithuania and Poland. Maps of Middle East. Dates. 1967-1973 Creator From the Collection: Kissinger, Henry, 1923-2023; Language of Materials. From the Collection: Map of Europe, Middle East and Northern Africa. Discover the diverse regions of Europe, the Middle East, and Northern Africa with our comprehensive map. Explore the political boundaries, major cities, and geographical features of these regions, and gain a deeper understanding. This map is an essential tool for students, researchers, and anyone ...For centuries, the Middle East has served as the crossroads of empires, given its geostrategic location between Europe and Asia. In the twentieth century, the discovery of oil there fueled modern-day rivalries between foreign powers looking to exploit the resource. World War I established British and French dominance in the region, while the Cold War … HISTORIX Vintage 1912 Middle East Map - 18x24 Inch Vintage Map of Countries Between Constantinople & Calcutta - Old Map of Turkey in Asia Persia Afghanistan & Turkestan - India South Asia Map History. $3999. FREE delivery Jan 29 - 31. Or fastest delivery Tomorrow, Jan 26. Only 8 left in stock - order soon. Maps of World. World with Regions - Multicolor WRLD-EPS-02-0011. Southeast Asia with Countries WRLD-SEA-02-0001. World - 3D WRLD-EPS-02-8001. Antarctica with Territories - Single Color WRLD-AN-01-0001. Printable vector map of Middle East with Countries available in Adobe Illustrator, EPS, PDF, PNG and JPG formats to download.The Near East is a modern-age term for the region formerly known as the Middle East comprising Armenia, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and part of Turkey, corresponding to ancient Urartu, Mesopotamia, Elam, Persia, the Levant, and Anatolia.The history of the ancient Near East is usually given as …Maps > REGIONAL > Middle East. The Middle East in 1939. Philippe Rekacewicz, August 1992 On the eve of the Second World War, most of the Middle East was still administered by the mandatory or protecting colonial powers of Britain, France and Italy. Turkey and Iran were independent.Georgia is a Transcaucasian country, situated at the dividing line of the continents of Asia and Europe. It is located in the far south eastern region of the European continent. Georgia is positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. It is bordered by 4 countries: by Russia in the north and northeast; by Azerbaijan …Tags: maps of Middle East, political maps, relief maps Large detailed political and administrative map of India with roads and cities Detailed physical map of Albania with cities, roads and airportsBible Maps. These images are in the public domain (i.e. not copyrighted; FREE to copy and use). To Download Bible Atlas 2 here. (For a larger image, left click on enlarge). ... The Middle East Today Enlarge: More Maps at Smith Bible Atlas here or Bible Times - … The Maghreb or Maghrib is a region of North Africa, the term refers to the five North African nations of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Mauritania, and Libya. Egypt is by some definitions part of the Middle East, geographically it is a transcontinental country, the bigger part of the country stretches along the Nile in North Africa while the Sinai ...
Description: This map shows cities, towns, counties, railroads, interstate highways, U.S. highways, state highways, rivers, lakes, airports, national parks, state .... Map your show
Maps of Middle East. Dates. 1967-1973 Creator From the Collection: Kissinger, Henry, 1923-2023; Language of Materials. From the Collection: “The Silk Road” is a catch-all term for the many overland and maritime routes linking East Asia with Europe and the Middle East. Cities and towns along busy Silk Road routes thrived, and during the 12th century, Merv (in present day Turkmenistan) was actually the largest city in the world until it was decimated in 1221 by the Mongol Empire.A very detailed and extensive political map of the Middle East. The map has a beautiful colour combination, a contemporary look and is in English. The countries, capitals, larger and smaller cities, waters, rivers, main roads, mountain areas and their names are clearly displayed There is a vector sample as well as a jpg sample downloadable. The map below shows Western Asia and the Middle East, today a hot spot for political and religious unrest, full-scale wars, and a theater of proxy conflicts between the two most powerful countries - the USA and Russia. Fatima Masumeh Shrine in Qom, Iran. The Middle East, sometimes also called Near East, is a region at the crossroads between ... Free vector maps of Middle East available in Adobe Illustrator, EPS, PDF, PNG and JPG formats to download. ... Middle East with Countries - Single Color WRLD-ME-01-0001 . A - Z. A - Z Z - A Newest Views Downloads. Sponsored Images by iStock - Limited Deal: 15% OFF with 15ISTOCK Coupon.File:Outline map of Middle East.svg. File. : Outline map of Middle East.svg. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 800 × 523 pixels. Other resolutions: 320 × 209 pixels | 640 × 419 pixels | 1,024 × 670 pixels | 1,280 × 837 pixels | 2,560 × 1,674 pixels | 1,000 × 654 pixels. Original file (SVG file, nominally 1,000 × 654 pixels ...Maps of Middle East. Dates. 1967-1973 Creator From the Collection: Kissinger, Henry, 1923-2023; Language of Materials. From the Collection: The materials are primarily in English. Conditions Governing Access. From the Series: The papers are open with permission unless otherwise noted.What is happening in Middle East in 1000BCE Invaders. Over the past 500 years, great changes have wracked the Middle East.The old powers of the region – Egypt, the Hittites, Assyria and Babylon – have all been devastated by invaders from outside their borders: the “Sea Peoples” from Europe, the Aramaeans from the Syrian desert and the Kuldu …Mar 26, 2015 · Maps can be a powerful tool for understanding the world, particularly the Middle East, a place in many ways shaped by changing political borders and demographics. Here are 40 maps crucial for ... Relief shown by spot heights. Depths shown by gradient tints. "Suitable for reference purposes only." "Ellipsoid & datum: WGS 84." "NIMA ref. no. K201MIDDLEEAST." Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.The Maghreb or Maghrib is a region of North Africa, the term refers to the five North African nations of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Mauritania, and Libya. Egypt is by some definitions part of the Middle East, geographically it is a transcontinental country, the bigger part of the country stretches along the Nile in North Africa while the Sinai ...A comprehensive map of the Middle East, a region that spans parts of Western Asia and North Africa. Learn about the history, geography, culture, and attractions of the Middle …The fertile crescent, the cradle of civilization. World History: Patterns of Interaction. If this …The German Society for the Exploration of Palestine maintains a detailed set of maps drawn by Gottlieb Schumacher (1857–1928). You'll need to request to use the maps,but there is a widget right on the page. Max Fisher writing in Vox has a collection of 40 maps "explaining the middle east," collected from different places and of differing …The Middle East's West Bank, with a total area of 2,262 square miles (5,860 square kilometers), is the larger of the two areas comprising the Palestinian territories. The state of Israel, in 1950, declared that Jerusalem was its capital, but the United States and many other countries around the world do not maintain an embassy in the city but ...The Map That Created The Modern Middle East. The Sykes-Picot remade the Middle East for British and French control. A century later, their legacy is a disaster. The icon indicates free access to the linked research on JSTOR. Take a look at a map of the Middle East. One hundred years ago, on May 16, 1916, Sir Tatton Benvenuto Mark …A middle east resource site and wall map, including information on religion, economics, oil, water, maps, 25 country profiles and more. ... 1916 Sykes Picot Middle East Partition - Zones of influence and control and dates of independence for Middle Eastern countries.Description. Asia is the largest and most populous continent in the world, sharing borders with Europe and Africa to its West, Oceania to its South, and North America to its East. Its North helps form part of the Arctic alongside North America and Europe. Though most of its continental borders are clearly defined, there are gray areas.The maps can be included in publications as a reference to facilitate the understanding of the role the United Nations plays following specific mandates or resolutions. ... Middle East. South Asia ... Middle East map. Detailed map of the Middle East, showing countries, cities, rivers, etc. Click on above map to view higher resolution image. Middle East generally refers to the region in southwestern Asia, roughly the Arabian Peninsula and the surrounding area including Iran, Turkey, Egypt. .